Cysteine Market - Forecast(2023 - 2028)

Cysteine Market Overview

Cysteine market size is forecast to reach US$584.2 million by 2027, after growing at a CAGR of 5.1% during 2022-2027. Cysteine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a role in protein synthesis and other metabolic processes. The main protein found in nails, skin, and hair is keratin. Because oral glutathione (GSH) has a low systemic availability, cysteine is frequently biosynthesized from its constituent amino acids, cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid. The reaction of cysteine with sugars in the maillard reaction yields meat flavors and it aids in breaking up the disulfide bonds in the hair's keratin, owing to which it has applications in the food and beverage and cosmetic industry. Furthermore, cysteine aid in minimizing the risks of developing cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular ailments. As a result, it is widely used as a reducing agent in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals (such as dehydroascorbic acid), which is driving the cysteine market growth during the forecast period. 

COVID-19 Impact

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the food and drink industry was one of the largest. The COVID-19 pandemic, on the other hand, had a significant impact on food and beverage industry growth in 2020, resulting in a loss of market revenue due to the closure of the hospitality and tourism sectors. According to the Farm Credit Canada (FCC), The pandemic has made 2020 a tumultuous year for the broiler industry in Canada. Production was reduced as a result of supply constraints and weaker demand. After growing at nearly 4% per year for the previous five years, total chicken production in Canada dropped 1.9 percent in 2020. And since cysteine is extensively utilized in the food and beverage industry, this standstill consecutively hampered the market growth of cysteine in 2020. Because of the economic recovery, profitability in the broiler sector is expected to be positive in 2021. However, the road ahead will be bumpy, as COVID-19 infections spread and rising feed costs put pressure on profit margins in the first half of the year. As vaccine rollouts lead to the reopening of the foodservice and hospitality industries, profitability is expected to rise in the second half of 2021. In other words, the tumultuous environment of 2020 may not abate until later this year.

Report Coverage

The report: “Cysteine Market – Forecast (2022-2027)”, by IndustryARC, covers an in-depth analysis of the following segments of the Cysteine market.

By Production Process: Natural, and Synthetic

By Application: Conditioner, Flavor Enhancer, Reducing Agent, Human Insulin, Infant Nutrition, Bioactive Derivatives, Protein Building Block, Antioxidant Agent, Anti-aging Agent, and Others

By End-Use Industry: Food and Beverages (Bakery, Poultry, Dairy, and Others), Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care and Cosmetics (Hair Care, Nail Care, Skin Care, Fragrances, and Others), Animal Feed, and Others

By Geography: North America (USA, Canada, and Mexico), Europe (UK, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Russia, Belgium, and Rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand, Indonesia, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Rest of APAC), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Rest of South America), Rest of the World (Middle East, and Africa)

Key Takeaways

• Asia-Pacific dominates the cysteine market, owing to the increasing demand for food and beverages in the region. This can be attributed to the rising individual per capita income and changing lifestyles, as well as the growing population.
• L-cysteine acts as a radical scavenger and can break disulfide bridges in peptides and proteins. It can act as a reducing agent. As a result, cysteine demand is expected to rise significantly over the forecast period.
• Growing demand for cysteine from the pharmaceutical industry may present an opportunity in the future, owing to the global expansion of the pharmaceutical industry.
• Increasing product utilization in the manufacturing of cosmetics and personal care products is also helping to drive market growth.
  

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Cysteine Market Segment Analysis – By End-Use Industry

The food and beverage segment held the largest share in the cysteine market in 2021 and is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 8.2% during 2022-2027. Many foods contain it, including beef liver, crab cakes, lima beans, and some mushrooms. It's also found in a lot of dietary supplement formulas. Pork, beef, chicken, fish, lentils, oatmeal, eggs, low-fat yogurt, sunflower seeds, and cheese are all high in cystine. Cysteine should be consumed at a rate of 4.1mg per kilogram of body weight or 1.9mg per pound per day. A 70kg (154 pound) person should consume 287mg of cystine per day. According to Statistics Canada, Canadian poultry farmers produced a record 1 493.5 million kilograms of chicken, turkey, and stewing hens in 2019, up 1.7 percent from 2018. Increased chicken and stewing hen production resulted in the 10th consecutive annual increase in the total weight of poultry birds produced in Canada. In 2019, poultry meat sales (which include chicken, turkey, and stewing hen) increased by 3.8 percent to $3.2 billion. From 2018 to 2019, net egg production increased by 2.7 percent to 822.4 million dozen eggs, marking the 15th consecutive annual increase. From March 2019 to March 2020, egg production increased by 5.3 percent to 71.0 million dozen eggs. Hence, with increasing demand for poultry and dairy products, the cysteine demand has been growing from the food and beverage industry.

Cysteine Market Segment Analysis – By Geography

Asia-Pacific region held the largest share in the cysteine market in 2021 up to 40% and is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 41% during 2022-2027 and is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 7.3% during 2022-2027. This recent surge can be attributed to the region's growing food and beverage. As a result of this demand for cysteine is on an upsurge in the region. Most high-protein foods, such as chicken, turkey, yogurt, cheese, eggs, sunflower seeds, and legumes, contain cysteine. The food and beverage industry is bolstering in the Asia-Pacific region. For instance, according to Invest India, by 2025, India’s food processing sector is expected to be worth over half a trillion dollars. According to the China Chain Store & Franchise Association, in 2019, China's food and beverage (F&B) sector were worth $595 billion, up 7.8% from the previous year. Thus, it is evident from the above statistics that the food and beverage industry is flourishing in the region, which is accelerating the demand for cysteine in Asia-Pacific during the forecast period.

Cysteine Market Drivers

Accelerating Personal Care and Cosmetic Industry

Cysteine is often used as a hair conditioning agent, anti-static agent, and fragrance ingredient in the personal care and cosmetic industry. The South Korean cosmetic market was estimated to be worth US$9.4 billion in 2019, according to the International Trade Administration (ITA); total exports and local production increased by 4.2 percent and 4.9 percent, respectively, from the previous year. For the past five years, the market has grown at a 4.3 percent annual rate (2015-2019). The Russian beauty market has grown every year since 2013, reaching around US$12.5 billion in 2019. From 2020 to 2024, it is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.09 percent. France's total cosmetic production increased from 22,236 in 2018 to 22,680 in 2019. As a result, the cysteine market is expected to be driven by the growing cosmetics industry over the forecast period. 

Flourishing Pharmaceutical Sector

Cysteine is used to improve hepatic function and pigmentation in the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical industry is flourishing in developing countries. According to the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA), the Brazilian, Chinese, and Indian markets grew by 11.2 percent, 6.9%, and 11.1 percent, respectively, from 2014 to 2019, compared to 5.4 percent for the top five European Union markets and 6.1 percent for the US market. The pharmaceutical industry in India is expected to reach US$65 billion by 2024 and US$120 billion by 2030, according to Invest India. Pharmacies sold Eur 58.8 billion (US$ 66.6 billion) in drugs in 2019, according to Germany Trade & Invest (GTI). This represents a 5.3 percent increase. The cysteine market is expected to grow rapidly over the forecast period as a result of this increase in the pharmaceutical industry. 

Cysteine Market Challenges

Harmful Effects of Cysteine

Cysteine in extremely high doses (greater than 7 grams) can be toxic to human cells and even cause death. When taken by mouth, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Intravenous administration of NAC to treat acetaminophen poisoning can result in severe allergic reactions, such as angioedema (swelling of the soft tissue just beneath the skin, such as the face, lips, and around the eyes), and anaphylaxis (severe allergic reactions) (a life-threatening allergic reaction). Cysteine supplements should not be taken by people who have cystinuria, a kidney condition in which too much cysteine is lost in the urine. NAC may cause chest tightness, numbness of the mouth, runny nose, and drowsiness when inhaled into the lungs. It has the potential to aggravate asthma symptoms. As a result, cysteine's negative effects on human health are posing a significant challenge to the cysteine market.

Cysteine Industry Outlook

Technology launches, acquisitions, and R&D activities are key strategies adopted by players in this market. Cysteine top 10 companies include:

1. Ajinomoto Co., Inc.
2. CJ CHEILJEDANG CORP
3. Donboo Amino Acid Co. Ltd.
4. Merck KGaA
5. Nippon Rika Industries Corporation
6. Shanghai Cosroma Biotech Co., Ltd
7. Shine Star (Hubei) Biological Engineering Co., Ltd.
8. Wacker Chemie AG
9. Wuhan Grand Hoyo Co., Ltd.
10. Wuxi Bikang Bioengineering Co., Ltd.

Recent Developments

• In May 2020, Eton Pharmaceuticals, a specialty pharmaceutical company concentrated on the improvement and commercialization of innovative drug products, against Exela Pharma Science's Elcys (cysteine hydrochloride injection) filed an Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA).

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